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Chapter XII. Elements of Form
Exploring Theory with Practica Musica

XII. Elements of Form

Binary and Ternary Song Forms

So far we've looked at the type of movement usually found in a good melody, the way its ideas are expressed in phrases, its implied harmony, and various ways that a single small idea can be extended and developed. This first part of the task might be compared to the design of parts for a sculpture or a building. Next comes the task of building these parts into a larger structure.

Most musical compositions are made up of two or three parts. We use the terms binary and ternary to describe two-part and three-part forms.

"Greensleeves" is s very simple binary song that consists of two parallel periods. The sections of the song are labeled A and B. (We use capital letters to refer to formal elements and small letters to refer to phrases.) The first two phrases are a matched pair in which the first has an open ending and the second a closed ending. Then follows part B, a second phrase pair which has much in common with the A section but also introduces contrasting melodic material.

Figure 1. Simple binary: "Greensleeves"

Binary form can be either sectional or continuous. If the A section ends on the tonic, as "Greensleeves" does, it is called sectional binary. If the A section ends on something other than the tonic, usually the dominant, it is called continuous binary. Let's look at another two-part composition. This time the form is continuous binary, which is the more common of the two.